Arrhythmias and heart failure

Arrhythmia is due to abnormal sinus node excitement or excitement that occurs outside the sinus node. The excitatory conduction is slow, blocked, or conducted through abnormal channels, that is, the origin of heart activity and/or the frequency of conduction disorders that lead to heartbeats And (or) abnormal rhythm.

The clinical manifestations of hemodynamic changes of arrhythmia mainly depend on the nature, type, heart function and degree of influence on the hemodynamics of the arrhythmia, such as mild sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, and occasional atrial arrhythmia Pre-sexual contraction, first-degree atrioventricular block, etc. have little effect on hemodynamics, so there is no obvious clinical manifestation. More serious arrhythmia, such as sick sinus syndrome, rapid atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular heartbeat Tachycardia, persistent ventricular tachycardia, etc., can cause palpitations, chest tightness, dizziness, hypotension, sweating, in severe cases, syncope, Al-S syndrome, and even sudden death, due to different types of arrhythmia, clinical manifestations Different, mainly in the following manifestations:

An arrhythmia is an abnormal heartbeat and can include:

beating too quickly (supraventricular tachycardia)

beating too slowly (bradycardia)

beating irregularly (atrial fibrillation)

Arrhythmias can develop after a heart attack as a result of damage to the heart muscles. Damaged muscles disrupt electrical signals that control the heart.

Some arrhythmias, such as tachycardia, are mild and cause symptoms such as:

palpitations – the sensation of your heart pounding, fluttering or beating irregularly, felt in your chest or throat

chest pain

dizziness or lightheadedness

tiredness (fatigue)

breathlessness

Other arrhythmias can be life threatening, including:

complete heart block, where electrical signals are unable to travel from one side of your heart to the other, so your heart cannot pump blood properly

ventricular arrhythmia, where the heart begins beating faster before going into a spasm and stops pumping completely; this is known as sudden cardiac arrest

These life-threatening types of arrhythmia can be a major cause of death during the 24 to 48 hours after a heart attack.

However, survival rates have improved significantly since the invention of the portable defibrillator – an external device that delivers an electric shock to the heart and "resets" it to the right rhythm.

Mild arrhythmias can usually be controlled with medicine such as beta-blockers.

More troublesome bradycardias that cause repeated and prolonged symptoms may need to be treated with a pacemaker. This is an electric device surgically implanted in the chest to help regulate the heartbeat.

Find out more about sudden cardiac arrest from the charity Sudden Cardiac Arrest UK.

Heart failure

Heart failure happens when your heart is unable to effectively pump blood around your body. It can develop after a heart attack if your heart muscle is extensively damaged. This usually happens in the left side of the heart (the left ventricle).

Symptoms of heart failure include:

breathlessness

tiredness (fatigue)

swelling in your arms and legs due to a build-up of fluid

Heart failure can be treated with a combination of medicines and, in some cases, surgery.

1. Insufficient blood supply to the coronary arteries

Various arrhythmias can cause a decrease in coronary blood flow. Although various arrhythmias can cause a decrease in coronary blood flow, they rarely cause myocardial ischemia. However, for patients with coronary heart disease, various arrhythmias can be induced Or aggravate myocardial ischemia, mainly manifested as angina pectoris, shortness of breath, peripheral vascular failure, acute heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, etc.

2. Insufficient blood supply to the cerebral arteries

Different arrhythmias have different effects on cerebral blood flow. For those with normal cerebrovascular vessels, the above-mentioned hemodynamic obstacles will not cause serious consequences. If cerebrovascular disease occurs, it can cause the insufficient blood supply to the brain, which manifests as dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, temporary total blindness, and even aphasia, Transient or permanent brain damage manifestations such as paralysis, convulsions, and coma.

3. Insufficient blood supply to the renal arteries

After the occurrence of an arrhythmia, renal blood flow also decreases in different ways. The clinical manifestations include oliguria, proteinuria, and azotemia.

4. Insufficient blood supply to the mesenteric artery

When tachyarrhythmia occurs, blood flow is reduced, and mesenteric artery spasm can produce clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal ischemia, such as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and even bleeding, ulcers, or paralysis.

5. Manifestations of cardiac insufficiency

Mainly cough, dyspnea, fatigue, fatigue, edema, etc.

Acupuncture has been used for thousands of years in Eastern medicine to treat multiple medical conditions and has been documented to improve many aspects of cardiovascular functioning. Despite several identified gaps in the efficacy of typical arrhythmia treatments (eg, pharmacotherapy, cardioversion), evidence supporting the use of acupuncture for cardiac arrhythmias has yet to be synthesized. According to the eight studies reviewed, 87% to 100% of participants converted to normal sinus rhythm after acupuncture.

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be used for the internal treatment of this symptom, External treatments include acupuncture and massage.

Depending on the type of arrhythmia, the acupuncturist will choose acupuncture points and herbs to clear heat and dampness, nourish the blood, and calm and strengthen the heart. Specific herbal formulae work to activate and maintain blood flow, removing stasis, while also helping to protect the spleen and stomach.

Reference:

Gu Li Bo Stan Yal Mai Mai Ti etc. Uyghur medicine treatment of 83 cases of arrhythmia. "Chinese Journal of Ethnic Medicine", 2014

Liu Yanke. Nursing measures for arrhythmia. "Medicine and Health (Abstract)", 2016

Zhang Zhong. The effect of androgens on ischemia/reperfusion cardiac function and myocardial apoptosis in isolated rat hearts. "Fourth Military Medical University", 2008

Liu Deping. AHA Scientific Statement on Sexual Activity and Cardiovascular Disease. Years

Hou Zhenjiang, Zhang Zongying, Guo Jinying. Apoptosis and cardiovascular disease. "Journal of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Medicine", 2001

心律失常和心力衰竭

心律失常是由于窦房结激动异常或激动产生于窦房结以外，激动的传导缓慢、阻滞或经异常通道传导，即心脏活动的起源和（或）传导障碍导致心脏搏动的频率和（或）节律异常。